Recently, we’ve lauded artificial intelligence’s benefits for the legal profession. It can streamline research, draft documents in seconds, and help prevent burnout, quickly establishing itself as one of the most powerful tools available to attorneys today.
But like any powerful tool, it comes with tradeoffs, and it’s our responsibility to make sure everyone knows it’s true impact. Behind the convenience and efficiency lies a lesser-discussed reality: AI has a growing environmental footprint, one that is increasing as more and more industries adopt it. For lawyers who are beginning to integrate AI into their daily workflows, understanding both the benefits and the environmental costs of AI is an important part of a responsible, forward-thinking practice.
This year’s Environmental Law Forum, happening on April 22 & 23, will tackle these topics in multiple sessions such as “Harnessing AI for Environmental Compliance and Remediation” on Day 1 and “Ethical Use of Generative AI in the Legal Arena” on Day 2. That’s just the start of the many exciting discussions you can expect from this year’s event! Be sure to register today so that you can stay on top of the evolving conversation on new technology and environmental challenges.
Want to dive into the darker side of AI with a live webcast? Then don’t miss “When AI Goes Wrong: Deepfakes, Hallucinations, and the Ethical Risks for Lawyers” on April 16! This program will explore the risks attorneys need to understand when using AI, including accuracy, bias, and ethical responsibility. Because using AI effectively means understanding it’s capabilities as well as where it can go wrong.
Read on.

The hidden energy demand. If you didn’t already know, AI systems run on massive data centers, which require enormous amounts of electricity. These systems are also known as LLMs (Large Language Models) that analyze and predict our requests, pulling from a vast wealth of human knowledge. Since knowledge is constantly growing and shifting, large AI models are being forever trained to keep up. For them, learning and running complex queries means they need a high-performance computing infrastructure, continuous server operation, and significant cooling systems to prevent overheating.
All of this translates into one thing: substantial energy consumption. As AI usage grows, so does the demand placed on global energy systems. To put it into context, some studies have suggested that training a single LLM can consume as much energy as several households use in a year. And while everyday use is less intensive than training, millions of daily interactions between human and AI can add up quickly.
Water consumption. As we mentioned above, these hard-working systems need to be cooled down often. That’s where one of the lesser-known impacts of AI comes in: water consumption. Data centers generate a ton of heat, and many rely on these water-based cooling systems to maintain safe operating temperatures. Increased AI usage can lead to increased water demand, particularly in regions where resources may already be strained.
Think of it like this. For every prompt you feed into ChatGPT or Gemini, a sip of water evaporates. You might be thinking, “Why not just build these data centers in the Arctic to keep them cool, then?” While cold climates do help, and you can find some data centers in cooler places such as Finland or Denmark, there are many other factors that need to be taken into consideration. Infrastructure, access to a strong power grid for electricity, and user location for faster connection are all taken into consideration. Sometimes locations are chosen for their renewable energy sources (such as solar or wind) or the water is recycled to make it more climate friendly.
Infrastructure and resource demand. The explosive growth of AI has driven a demand for more data centers, more hardware (such as GPUs), and more raw materials used in electronics manufacturing. This expansion has environmental implications tied to construction, resource extraction, and electronic waste. Unfortunately, climate concerns are not at the top of the list of considerations when building these resource-heavy data centers. The biggest data center on Earth is in Northern Virginia, chosen for its proximity to the government, massive internet highway, strong power grid, and tax incentives. It handles 70% of global internet traffic.
At first glance, the environmental impact of AI might feel very distant, unless you work in environmental law, corporate compliance, or policy. However, no field has gone completely untouched by AI. These issues are becoming increasingly relevant, so much so that the law can barely keep up. Understanding these issues positions lawyers to better advise clients and anticipate where regulation may evolve next, which is why PBI works so hard to keep you in the know on these fast-evolving topics.

How Can AI Help the Environment? Though it presents challenges, AI still offers powerful tools that can be used for good. It’s already being used to optimize energy usage in infrastructure, improve climate modeling and environmental forecasting, and monitor deforestation. It can also enhance supply chain efficiency to reduce waste and support renewable energy systems through predictive analytics. So it doesn’t have to simply be part of the problem; it can also be part of the solution.
It’s all about responsible use. Don’t simply focus on efficiency. Ask yourself before adopting AI, is this tool being used responsibly? Are there ethical risks involved? What are the broader implications of AI use? This is why it’s so important to educate yourself, so that you can make an informed decision.
Final thoughts. The age of AI has arrived and it’s here to stay. As it continues to expand, its environmental impact is likely to become an increasingly important area of discussion. For lawyers, it offers undeniable advantages in efficiency, productivity, and client service. But as with any advancement, with great power…comes great responsibility.
Understanding and acknowledging the environmental impact of AI doesn’t mean outright rejecting it. It means using it thoughtfully, ethically, and with awareness of the bigger picture. Like all things in life, it’s about balance. Be sure to do your research and stay informed on this fast-moving technology, and we hope to see you soon at the 2026 Environmental Law Forum!































